The theory of Wormholes

'A wormhole is a hypothetical topological feature that would fundamentally act as a shortcut through spacetime.' It perhaps acts as a time machine. Scientists believe that Wormholes do exist at a minute level (sub-atomic).

In 1935, Einstein and colleague Nathan Rosen built the theory about this. Thus, they are also known as Einstein-Rosen bridges. For long, we humans have fantasized travelling through time. We might not be too far away from the day where we would penetrate through the spacetime continuum.

The LHC created in Switzerland is the largest particle accelerator 27 kilometers in length. It has opened the gate to solving various mysteries of physics. The particle named as The God Particle's (Higgs-Boson) existence has been confirmed by the scientists! Another major invention is the creation of a magnetic wormhole

Earlier this year, scientists in Spain claimed to have made a wormhole from a magnetic point of view. It would transfer magnetic energy or field from one point to the other in spacetime through an extra-spatial dimension (contrary to our 3 dimensions, obviously)!

It is also believed that Wormholes may exist inside a Blackhole. A Blackhole is a region in spacetime where the gravity is so massive that nothing (not even light) can escape from its effect. According to Newton's law of gravitation, gravitational acceleration of an object is proportional to the mass of the object and inversely proportional to the square of its radius. So a Blackhole is a region with tons of mass and radius equal to a single point where all of its mass is concentrated. This single point is called 'Singularity' of a Blackhole.

The nature of spacetime in a Blackhole is too much distorted and according to a new theory, Blackholes may actually act as Wormholes. They can connect two different points in an altogether different reality. This approach seems to be a far-fetched idea, though.

It is also proposed that Wormholes might solve the mystery behind Big-Bang theory. 

Ultimately, the theory of Wormholes is in its infant stages and needs a lot of improvement if we ever want to unify the laws of physics at the super-galactic and sub-atomic level.

But that doesn’t discourage us from travelling through time!

The Hypothesis of a Parallel Universe

The more you look into it, the more you get into it! Such is the topic of Relativity!

Lets break down the word "Universe"! "Uni" means single and "verse" means world. So it states that we live in a single world. 

But physicists and scientists have agreed to the hypothesis of a parallel universe. The one in which all of us would have a doppelganger. But there might be infinite parallel universes in existence. Some might be in our time frame and some might not be. This also poses the question of travelling back in time by creating something of a wormhole.

Scientists have already created something of a magnetic wormhole. It can transfer magnetic energy from one place to the other. The Wormholes are Einstein-Rosen Bridges (more information on that topic later).

It is also believed that the sensation of a deja-vu (feeling of having already experienced the present situation) is caused by the existence of a parallel universe. We feel like we have seen this thing because we get a vibe from the other universe about it. 

But all universes are believed to be running on alternate timelines. For instance, on our Earth a cat is running on a road and is killed by an oncoming car whereas on the other Earth, the cat is saved by some force of nature. This difference in the outcome of an event leads to the divergence of timelines and ultimately decides the fate of things on every planet.

Parallel Universe is  really popular in culture. The Flash (2014) S02 shows the existence of Parallel Universe and doppelgangers.

The conclusion of this topic is that it the concept of Parallel Universe is very hypothetical and that it will take a lifetime or more to study it.

The Special Theory of Relativity

Let's start a fresh topic today. The Special Relativity or The Special Theory of Relativity published by Albert Einstein in 1905.

An important postulate from that theory is that the speed of light in vacuum as measured by an observer irrespective to its state of motion remains the same and equal to 'c'. What does this mean? Are we contradicting the laws of physics made by the great Sir Isaac Newton?

Probably, yes. Einstein said that the laws of physics are applicable to speeds very low respective to the speed of light. At greater fractions of the speed of light, the laws of physics proposed by Newton are inapplicable and hence a new theory was introduced. It was probably because of Maxwell's Electromagnetic field equations, that Einstein proposed light to be an electromagnetic wave and that it doesn't necessarily require a material medium to propogate.

What happens that we observe the speed of light to be the same? This once again takes us back to the slow down of time. As the time slows down at higher speeds, by a fraction described earlier, the measured speed of the light by the simplest equation(v=d/t) is observed the same. Time and light both travel as any other object in the universe. The finiteness of the speed of light actually is the main reason about the slow down of time.

The nature of spacetime is curved near massive objects. Spacetime is influenced by mass and energy. So, time bends or slows down instead. Many other theories have been proposed by Einstien such as relativistic mass, length contraction and other such anomalies. But they are pretty special and proven experimentally in their own ways.

No question about, arguably, the greatest scientist of all time and my personal favorite too! 

Time Travel

The attempt of travelling in time seems to be a far-fetched idea for now. But can we create something like a worm hole.

A wormhole is basically a shortcut through spacetime. In other words it has the tendency to curve space and time just like gravity does. The shape of the wormhole has been assumed to be something like a circle. But the reality is different. It might be a sphere. When time is taken as a temporal dimension, other than the three spacial dimensions, it can move back and forth. This states that as we can travel in the future, we can also return back to the original time.

This case is not possible when we travel around the black hole with greater speeds to slow down time. So a wormhole could be another possible way of traveling through time. These wormholes are not witnessed at the macroscopic level. But there is a ray of hope at the quantum level.

If we can unify the laws of quantum mechanics with the laws of gravitation into a single continuum, then we can develop the concept of time travel furthermore.

A Time Machine

The Concept of a time machine is the oldest known fantasy of man-kind. Various theories have been proposed to travel faster in time. This reaches to the concept of absoluteness of light.Light is a funny thing. It has the tendency to slow down time. In fact, it travels at 300 thousand Ks in a sec. It also states the person standing next to us is seen after a billionth of a sec.

It means we live in the past. It might sound a bit odd but yes it happens.Time varies as t=[1-(v^2/c^2)]^0.5*t where your velocity is v and c is the speed of light. So, it is clear from the equation that no material particle can travel at a speed greater than light. If we travel at appreciable fractions of the speed of light, say,v=0.8c then according to it, the 10 hours will look like 6 hours to you compared to the outer world.This means you are 4 hours younger than your counterparts and indeed you have reached your future. So at the speed of light, the time completely stops for you. This indeed means that you yourselves have stopped, your heartbeat has stopped and your brain has stopped working.

Time dilation is another concept. It owes to the greatest genius of all time, Albert Einstein. He introduced the special and general theories of relativity. (E=mc^2)

However, it is believed that if you travel faster than the speed of light, you overtake the light and when you finally stop after some time, the light reaches to you once again and when things happen twice, you are said to be in your past.

Some believe travelling in future can be possible but not the past because it is capable of producing mind-wobbling paradoxes. Say if you go into your past, and kill your grandfather before he met your grandmother, you yourself would have probably not existed. (Think??)